What’s the difference between bourbon, rye and single malt whiskey? It comes down to the grain. Bourbon is made from at least 51% corn, rye whiskey from at least 51% rye, and American single malt from 100% malted barley. Bourbon and rye must be aged in new charred oak containers, and the grain and barrel together shape how each one tastes: bourbon sweeter and rounder, rye spicier and drier, single malt lighter with cereal, fruit and malt notes.
Bourbon, Rye and Single Malt at a Glance
| Bourbon | Rye whiskey | American single malt | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main grain | At least 51% corn | At least 51% rye | 100% malted barley |
| Barrel | New charred oak | New charred oak | Oak barrels (new or used) |
| Typical taste | Caramel, vanilla, sweet | Pepper, spice, herbal, drier | Malt, dried fruit, light oak |
| Herman Marshall bottle | Straight Bourbon, 92 proof | Straight Rye, 99 proof | Single Malt, 92 proof |
What Is Bourbon?
Bourbon is an American whiskey made from a mash of at least 51% corn, distilled to no more than 160 proof, put into new charred oak containers at no more than 125 proof, and bottled at 80 proof or more. Nothing can be added except water. “Straight bourbon” has been aged at least two years. Our Herman Marshall Straight Bourbon uses 75% corn, 21% rye and 4% malted barley and is aged at least four years, which gives it vanilla, caramel and dried fruit with a light rye spice on the finish.
What Is Rye Whiskey?
Rye whiskey follows the same rules as bourbon, except the mash must be at least 51% rye grain instead of corn. Rye is the older American style and brings more pepper, baking spice and a drier finish, which is why it’s the classic base for a Manhattan or a Sazerac. Our Herman Marshall Straight Rye goes much further than the minimum, with 95% rye and 5% malted barley.
What Is American Single Malt Whiskey?
American single malt is made from 100% malted barley, distilled entirely at one U.S. distillery, distilled to 160 proof or less, matured in oak barrels and bottled at 80 proof or more. It’s the same grain that defines Scotch single malt, made in America. Herman Marshall Single Malt shows hints of vanilla, caramel and malt with a touch of smoke.
Which One Should You Try?
- If you like sweet, smooth sippers: start with bourbon, neat or in an Old Fashioned.
- If you like bold and spicy: go with rye, especially in a Manhattan.
- If you like Scotch or lighter, fruit-forward whiskey: try single malt with a few drops of water.
The easiest way to decide is to taste them side by side at our tasting room in downtown Wylie. See Whiskey Tasting in Wylie for more.
Bourbon vs. Rye vs. Single Malt FAQ
Is rye whiskey sweeter than bourbon?
No. Bourbon is usually sweeter, because corn gives it caramel and vanilla notes. Rye is spicier and drier.
Does bourbon have to be made in Kentucky?
No. Bourbon can be made anywhere in the United States. Herman Marshall makes Texas bourbon.
Is single malt the same as Scotch?
Not exactly. Scotch single malt must be made in Scotland. American single malt uses the same grain, 100% malted barley, but is made in the United States.
What does “straight” mean on a whiskey label?
Straight bourbon or straight rye has been aged at least two years in new charred oak, with nothing added except water. If it’s aged less than four years, the label has to state the age.